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History

Airfix was founded in 1939 by a Hungarian businessman called Nicholas Kove, initially manufacturing rubber inflatable toys. The brand name Airfix was selected to be the first alphabetically in any toy catalogue. In 1947, Airfix introduced injection moulding, initially producing pocket combs. In 1949, it was commissioned to create a promotional model of a Ferguson tractor. The model was initially moulded in cellulose acetate plastic and hand assembled for distribution to Ferguson sales representatives. To increase sales and lower productions costs, the model was sold in kit form by F. W. Woolworth's retail stores.

A few years later in 1954, Woolworth buyer Jim Russon suggested to Airfix that they produce a model kit of Sir Francis Drake's Golden Hind, then being sold in North America as a 'ship-in-a-bottle'. The kit would be made in the more stable polystyrene plastic. In order to meet Woolworth's retail price of 2/-, Airfix changed the packaging from a cardboard box to a plastic bag with a paper header which also included the instructions. It was a huge success and led the company to produce new kit designs. The first aircraft kit was released in 1955, a model of the Supermarine Spitfire, in 1/72 scale. This was a scaled down copy of the Aurora 1/48 Supermarine Spitfire kit. Kove initially refused to believe the product would sell and threatened to charge the cost of the tooling to the designers.

Expansion

During the 1960s and 1970s, the company expanded greatly as the kit modelling hobby grew enormously. The Airfix range expanded to include vintage and modern cars, motorcycles, figures, trains, trackside accessories, military vehicles, large classic ships, warships, liners, engines, rockets and spaceships, as well as an ever-increasing range of aircraft. Most kits were created at the "standard" scale of 1/72 for small and military aircraft, and 1/144 scale for airliners. However Airfix's range of military vehicles though packaged as 1/72 are generally accepted as actually being OO or 1/76 scale.

In the mid 1970s, larger scales were introduced, including the dramatic 1/24 scale models of the Spitfire and Hurricane and Harrier "jump-jet", which featured unusually extensive detailing at this scale. All the kits were manufactured using injection moulding of polystyrene. The growth of the hobby launched a number of competitors in the field, such as Matchbox, as well as introducing new manufacturers from Japan and the US to the UK. During this period the company Humbrol also grew, supplying the paints, brushes, glue and other accessories for the finishing of the kits.

In this period, apart from model kits, Airfix also produced a wide range of toys, games, dolls and art & craft products. Airfix Industries acquired the Meccano and Dinky Toy businesses in 1971.

Airfix also launched a monthly modelling magazine, Airfix Magazine, which was produced by a variety of publishers from June 1960 to October 1993. During the 1970s, an Airfix Magazine Annual was also produced.

Decline, purchase by Humbrol

In the 1980s, the plastic kit modelling hobby went into a rapid decline. Some think this was due to the rise of computer games, others that new manufacturing techniques such as precision diecasting took away the market for toys, where a person was less interested in the construction and finishing of a model, but simply wanted to play with the finished product, others the declining birth rates leading into smaller generations and declining numbers of potential enthusiasts. However, the decline may simply be a side effect of large increases in the sticker price of plastic models following the oil crisis of the late '70's which led to high inflation as well as an increase in the price of plastics. This also may explain why the emphasis of the modelmaking hobby is today on adults rather than children.

Due to large losses in Airfix's other toy businesses, even though the model business was still profitable, Airfix was forced to declare bankruptcy in 1981. The company was bought by General Mills (owner of rival US kit-maker MPC) through its UK Palitoy subsidiary, with the kit moulds being quickly shipped to its factory in Calais, France.

Four years later, General Mills withdrew from the toy market to refocus its efforts on its core food manufacturing business. At one point it looked as if the Airfix range might die out, but eventually, in 1986, it was bought by the Hobby Products Group of Borden, who had tried to buy the range in 1981. Borden were also the owners of British model company Humbrol. The moulds remained in France but were relocated to the Group's existing kit manufacturer, Trun-based Heller SA. This was a logical acquisition, since Humbrol's paints and adhesives could be used to complete Airfix kits and the Heller factory was under-utilised.

The Hobby Products Group was sold to an Irish investment company, Allen & McGuire, in 1994 and continued under the Humbrol name.

Construction kit product ranges

Aircraft — 1:24, 1:48, 1:72, 1:144 and 1:300 scales, covering aircraft from WWI to the present day. Perhaps the most well known range of Airfix models.
Rockets and Spaceships — 1:72 and 1:144 scales. A small range from the Lunar Module to the Saturn V. Also some TV/film science fiction spacecraft, usually in odd scales.
Famous Warships — 1:400, 1:600 and 1:1200 scales. From WWI to modern.
High Speed Boats — 1:72. A small range of mostly WWII boats.
Classic Historical Ships — A number of 15th to 19th century ships in small scale (about 1:600) and large scale (from 1:96 to 1:180).
Cars — 1:12, 1:24, 1:25, 1:32 and 1:43 scales. The range includes a series of Veteran and Modern cars.
Motorcycles — 1:8, 1:12, 1:16 and 1:24 scales. Includes bikes from the 1960s to present day racing bikes.
Trains and Trackside Accessories — 1:76 scale. Includes a number of ex-Kitmaster kits. The moulds for these kits were sold to Dapol in the 1980s.
Military Vehicles — 1:32, 1:35, 1:72 and 1:76 scales. Airfix was the first company to release small scale military vehicles in 1960 with the 1:72 Bloodhound. The following vehicles were in 1:76 or OO scale.
Diorama sets — HO/OO scale WWII scenes including the "Battlefront History" series. Also the "Rampaging Scorpion" and "Colossal Mantis" science fiction dioramas.
Figures — 1:76, 1:72 and 1:32 scales. Sets of mostly military figures, 20 or 30 to a box, of subjects such as WWI, WWII and Modern Infantry, Waterloo, Arab Tribesmen, etc. These are made in polythene, a soft durable plastic. Some vehicles of simpler casting and detail than their polystyrene equivalents and buildings were also available and included in larger play sets, e.g., the Coastal Defense Assault Set which included polythene tanks and infantry for either side plus a polystyrene Coastal Defence Fort kit.
Multipose Figures — 1:32 scale. A small range of WWII figures in polystyrene that could be assembled in different poses.
Collector Series — 54 mm. These were plastic kits of single figures, mostly from the Battle of Waterloo, American Civil War, and English Civil War. Some kits have a rider, e.g., George Washington, on a horse.
Historical Figures — 1:12 scale. Famous figures from history, mostly from the British Isles, e.g., Anne Boleyn, Black Prince, and Oliver Cromwell. Also produced were a showjumper with horse (rumoured to have been based on the young Princess Anne), and a 1:6 scale human skeleton.
Wildlife Series — 1:1 scale. Models of British garden birds in a diorama form, e.g., two bullfinches on a branch.
Dinosaurs — A small range of kits of pre-historic dinosaurs, e.g., Tyrannosaurus Rex.
Museum Series — A small range of motorised engines. Includes a Beam and Four Stroke Cycle Engine.
Robogear: science fiction wargaming models.

The above informations was supplied from From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia